There were thousands, millions of gods as each tree, river etc. had its own deity. The twelve main Olympians were:
Jupiter- king of the gods
Juno- goddess of marriage
Neptune- god of the sea
Minerva- goddess of wisdom and battle
Diana- goddess of virgins, hunting and the moon
Venus- goddess of love
Ceres- goddess of nature
Apollo- god of music, healing and the sun (and oracles/prophecy)
Mars- God of War
Vulcan- god of smiths and forging
Mercury- god of messengers and basically anything else (thieves, merchants....)
Bacchus- god of wine
plus Pluto the god of war
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King of the Gods, god of the sky was Jupiter, God of the Sea was Neptune, God of the Underworld was Pluto, Goddess of Love was Venus, God of War was Mars, God of Travelers and Medicine, Messenger of the Gods was Mercury, Goddess of Wisdom and Battle Strategy was Minerva, Goddess of the Hunt and Animals was Diana, Goddess of Fertility, Grain, and Agriculture was Ceres, Queen of the Gods, Goddess of Marriage was Juno, and the Goddess of Home and Hearth was Vesta.
The Romans had hundreds of Gods that all stood for something in everyday life. An example would be Ceres who was the goddes of the harvest, Bacchus the god of wine, and Jupiter who was the lord of the sky, gods, and thunder.
Just the way you spell them today. They haven't changed. The only change was from the Greek to the Roman.
Jupiter Neptune Pluto Mars Vulcan Apollo Bacchus Minerva Diana Juno Ceres Venus
The patron god of Rome was Jupiter, the father of gods and men . The patron goddess of Rome was his wife and sister, Juno, the queen of gods. A patron deity was a tutelary (protecting) divinity.
He was Hermes, in Rome Mercurius (Mercury).
It is not easy to know what goddess you mean. Let's say you mean the goddess of love. In Greece she was Aphrodite, in Rome she was Venus. When the planets in our solar system got their names all the names were taken from Roman gods. Like Venus.