Impeachment :)
an incumbent
Impeachment is a formal process through which a government official, typically a president, is accused of misconduct or wrongdoing while in office. It involves legislative bodies, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate in the United States, where the official can be charged with "high crimes and misdemeanors." If impeached by the House, the official is then tried in the Senate, which can lead to removal from office if convicted. Impeachment serves as a mechanism to hold officials accountable and maintain checks and balances within the government.
Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress, formally charges a government official, typically a president or judge, with misconduct or wrongdoing. It is a political process, not a criminal one, and can lead to removal from office if the official is found guilty of the charges. The specific grounds for impeachment vary by jurisdiction but often include treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The outcome may involve a trial and a vote to determine whether the official should be removed from office.
The person who is in office and seeking re-election is the incumbant electee. If he is likely to get re-elected, he is called a shoo-in.
No federal official can be removed in this manner. However in some states this can occur in what is called a recall.
To Impeach
empeachment
a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office
The question is somewhat unclear. You could be referring to Impeachment, or you might be referring to Misfeasanceor Malfeasance in office.
The term you're looking for is "impeachment." Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body, such as Congress, formally charges a government official, typically a president, with misconduct or wrongdoing. This process can lead to a trial and potential removal from office if the official is found guilty of the charges.
The outgoing official is called a lame duck. The period of time this official is still in office is called the lame duck period.
an incumbent
candidates?
civil servant
A "Recall" is a process in many areas where an elected official can be removed from office by the voters.
nomination
It's Yamen(衙门)。