Congress does not have to give approval to appoint the President's choice for Secretary of State. However, a confirmation hearing takes place before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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The Executive branch is in charge of enforcing the laws (while the Legislative branch writes the laws and the Judicial branch determines the legality of the laws). The President can issues executive orders that do not require the approval of Congress. The President can order troops but can not declare war without Congress' agreeance. The President can appoint Supreme Court judges (with Congress' approval) as well as many other high-ranking officials (including all working in his office - without Congress' approval). The President is also very much in charge of all foreign affairs, nearly exclusively - with Congress' agreement.
nope
The president sends the name of a candidate for the Supreme Court to congress and they decide if he / she gets the job. With an ambassador he doesn't need approval to appoint someone to the post.
galliton galliton (actually that was 'Gallatin', at least for A+LS)
Franklin D. Roosevelt