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What is the role of executice in the separation of powers?
The Executive branch is in charge of enforcing the laws (while the Legislative branch writes the laws and the Judicial branch determines the legality of the laws). The President can issues executive orders that do not require the approval of Congress. The President can order troops but can not declare war without Congress' agreeance. The President can appoint Supreme Court judges (with Congress' approval) as well as many other high-ranking officials (including all working in his office - without Congress' approval). The President is also very much in charge of all foreign affairs, nearly exclusively - with Congress' agreement.
Does the president need Senate approval to appoint members of the White House staff?
nope
Who appoints US Supreme Court justices and other federal judges?
The president sends the name of a candidate for the Supreme Court to congress and they decide if he / she gets the job. With an ambassador he doesn't need approval to appoint someone to the post.
Who did President Jefferson appoint as Secretary of the Treasury?
galliton galliton (actually that was 'Gallatin', at least for A+LS)
Which president had his power to appoint Justices cut off by Congress?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
