The process of drawing congressional district lines to favor a political party is called gerrymandering. The word comes from the combination of the name Gerry and the word salamander. Gerry was the governor of Massachusetts in 1812 when the congressional districts in his state were redrawn to favor his Democratic-Republican Party. One of the words was said to resemble a salamander.
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A major motivation of contributors to political campaigns is that money equals influence.
Coattail effect
political districts to benefit a party
political districts to benefit a party
Gerrymandering is all about keeping the status quo. It boils down to drawing the district lines in such a way that it keeps the EXISTING representative in power (or at least, that representative's party).