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No party replaced the Federalists in the sense that no party actually took the claims of Federalists and advocated them after the party fell. However, the next party to challenge the Democratic-Republicans was the WHIG PARTY.
Government is not what the federalists feared to be the most apparent source of tyranny. The federalists supported the idea of government. They actually believed that the most apparent source of tyranny was the Majority Rule - that is to say they thought that the popular majority would be able to unite and "trample on the rules of justice". It was the anti-federalists who believed that government was naturally tyrannical.
They were called Federalists.
The Federalists were the North. The Confederates were the South. Federalists were against slavery and the Confederates were for slavery. Confederates is against the federalists, or opposite the federalists. CONfederalists.
anti-federalists.