The XYZ Affair began when the United States did not live up to an agreement they had made with France in 1778. Instead, the US signed Jayâ??s Treaty with England, partially violating the terms of the French agreement. The French were livid and when The US sent a diplomatic group to France to try to smooth things over, they were told the only way they would even talk with them was if they paid France bribe money. The US considered this a huge insult and many wanted war with France. Instead two bills, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed in retaliation for the slight suffered during the XYZ affair.
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John Adams was the US President (from 1797-1801). The resolution of the Quasi-War with France (1798-1800) came too late to help him gain re-election.
Congress passed acts to increase both the Army and Navy
The Townshend Acts were designed to help the British control the Colonists through taxation. They placed taxes on goods purchased in Europe that were sent to the Americas. There were taxes placed on several items including paint, paper, and tea.
Some of the effects are as follows:A. Suicide throughout coloniesB. Plagues and diseasesC. Mass MurderD. Increased sale of tobaccoE. Livestock being destroyedF. Depression throughoutG. Mass MigrationsEtc.Did that help?
The reason why states have to resort to referendums, recalls, and initiatives in order to reform local and state government is because often times in democracy the people need help in order to get things running as they should. This added help from referendums and such helps to keep things on course.