The people shown on our currency have been there for almost 100 years. They were chosen because they had a connection with currency in the case of Hamilton. The others were popular Presidents plus Ben Franklin, who is an icon. The currency has been up-dated but the people have not been changed.
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As with our nation's coinage, the Secretary of the Treasury usually selects the designs shown on United States currency. Unless specified by an Act of Congress, the Secretary generally has the final approval. This is done with the advice of Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) officials. In addition, the Commission on Fine Arts reviews all of the designs. The law prohibits portraits of living persons from appearing on Government Securities. Therefore, the portraits on our currency notes are of deceased persons whose places in history the American people know well. Unfortunately, however, our records do not suggest why certain Presidents and statesmen were chosen for specific denominations.
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Alexander Hamilton on the $10, Benjamin Franklin on the $100, and Salmon P. Chase on the now obsolete $10,000.
They are not all presidents, e.g. Franklin, Chase.
Benjamin Franklin - Half Dollar
Alexander Hamilton on the $10 bill, Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill, and Sacajawea on the $1 coin.