the supreme court consisted of 6 men at the time
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Ultimately, Thomas was confirmed for the Supreme Court; the controversy, however, had a lasting effect on the nation's understanding of sexual harassment.
First a president nominates a candidate for supreme court justice and then the senate holds hearings and decide whether or not to confirm the nominee. How quickly a candidate gets confirmed depends on how lengthy the confirmation hearings last and how long it takes to bring the notion to a vote. Once a candidate is confirmed, they are soon sworn in and are then supreme court justices.
John Jay didn't retire from the US Supreme Court; he resigned in 1795, after being elected Governor of New York.
Sonia Sotomeyer is the most recent supreme court justice nominated by the president and confirmed by congress.
The rule of law over executive privilege.