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The highest court in the federal system is the United States Supreme Court, with nine Supreme Court Justices. The states do not share jurisdiction with the federal court, so the states courts are not a part of the federal court system. Each state decides what it calls its highest court. In Texas, there is a separate court for civil versus criminal cases.
Federal judges on the US Supreme Court are called justices.
because federalism divides the powers of government, conflicts frequently arise between national and state governments. by settling such disputes, the federal court system,particulary the supreme court, plays a key role as an umpire for our federal system.
Courts of Appeals is the intermediate-level federal court the courts of appeals is considered the workhorse of the court system.
See the Judiciary Act of 1789. Not only did it establish the three tiered structure of the federal court system, but established the supreme court as well. It left the details of lower courts to Congress.