No, because it has nothing to do with the relative power and jurisdiction between state and federal government. The Senate approving a presidential appointment is an example of the system of "checks and balances" in our federal government. Requiring Senate approval of presidential appointments, prevents the executive branch of government from having too much power over who shall be judges, ambassadors and other federal officials.
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Elena Kagan - Appointed by president Obama.
One example of the Judicial Branch checking the Legislative Branch would be the Supreme Court declaring a law unconstitutional and overturning the legislation.
It is whatever you make it out to be
Civil War of 1861-1865.
Federalism is an ideology based on how much power the federal (national) level of government should have. There are two main schools of thought. One is dual federalism (also known as layer cake federalism). Under dual federalizm, state and national government both have their own set of powers and should not interfere with each other's business. The other, cooperative federalism (or marble cake federalism), is based on the idea that both levels of government should work together. Take for example the New Deal.