The Fugitive Slave Law was passed in 1850. This law was meant to help slave owners capture escaped slaves by making it a crime to help an escaped slave.
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New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies
As the Reconstruction era passed, Southern whites became back in control of the old South. They passed all types of "laws" designed to prevent Blacks form voting. This enabled whites to regain the political power they lost right after the US Civil War.
The Southern states kept African Americans from gaining political power by denying them an education. They also passed laws to keep them down. They were not allowed to own property and most of them could not read or write.
They passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to guarantee equality under the law and the right to vote. Both amendments counteracted efforts by the President, the southern states, and the courts to block Congress's Reconstruction program.
The Wilmot Provisio passed in the House of Representatives, because the amount of representatives per state depends on the population. The population of all of the northern states was greater than that of the southern states. This means that since there were more Northern Representatives, it was passed. However, the amount of senators per state is the same regardless of population. In some sense, the power between the North and South was much more equal in the Senate as opposed to the House. That is why the Wilmot Provisio was passed in the House, but not the Senate.