Steps in strategic planning

Answer 1

Assuming you already have the project requirements, you need to:

1. Breakdown the work. You can do this by producing a Work Breakdown Structure.
2. Sequence the project activities and add durations for each task/activity. To do this you can produce a precedence diagram aka a work flow diagram.
3. Map the tasks against a calendar. For this it is best to use project planning software like MS Project.
4. Add resources against each task and produce a resource histogram. MS Project or similar will do this for you automatically.
5. Review your plan and resolve resource and time issues. For example some resources may be scheduled to work a 12 hour day and/or your project may end later than you want.

Answer 2

A process which anticipates and maps out the consequences of business strategy on an organization's human resources. This is reflected in planning of skill and competence needs as well as total headcounts.

For resourcing strategies to be implemented they must be translated into practical action. The strategic process can be organized logically - for example, following the decision sequence shown on page 351 of Human Resource Management in a Business Context. For these decisions to be taken, information must be obtained, consequences gauged, political soundings taken and preferences assessed.

It is clear that many of these decisions are fundamental to an organization. If the implications are major, strategic decisions are taken at the centre of the business. The role of the human resource function is two-fold:

1. To participate in the decision process by providing information and opinion on each option, including:

* redundancy or recruitment costs

* consequences on morale

* redeployment/outplacement opportunities

* availability of skilled staff within the organization

* availability of suitable people in the job market

* time constraints

* development/training needs/schedules

* management requirements.

This forms part of the information collated from the organization as a whole.

2. To support line managers dealing with the people consequences of implementing the decision. Information already gathered provides the basis for a human resource plan. ( Continued on page 351 of Human Resource Management in a Business Context).

People as numbers

The manpower planning approach which addresses questions such as:

* How many staff do we have/need?
* How are they distributed?
* What is the age profile?
* How many will leave in each of the next five years?
* How many will be required in one, five, ten years?

Human Resource Information Systems are invaluable in answering these questions.

Forecasting methods

Human resource planners have a choice of techniques open to them, including: extrapolation (of past trends); projected production/sales; employee analysis; scenario building.

Explained further in pages 355-356 of Human Resource Management in a Business Context.

Employee turnover

Turnover covers the whole input-output process from recruitment to dismissal or retirement and takes the consequences of promotion and transfer into account. (See page 359 of Human Resource Management in a Business Context.

'Soft' planning

HRM implies that planning has to go beyond the 'numbers game' into the softer areas of employee attitudes, behaviour and commitment. These aspects are critical to HR development, performance assessment and the management of change.

Answer 3

List the scheduling assumptions, List the scheduling assumptions, Find the critical path, Determine ideal calendar dates for each activity, Review resources and schedule, Chart schedule, Approve and distribute

Answer 4

make a plan perform a plan and evaluate a plan