State of the Union
Article II, Section 3, Clause 1
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According to the US Constitution, Congress has "the power of the purse". This means that Congress approves the budget submitted by the President. It's one of the checks and balances built into the Constitution to ensure that one branch doesn't hold too much power.
No. The Constitution merely requires that the President "from time to time" inform Congress as to the state of the union. It does not have to be a speech, and in fact every President from Thomas Jefferson until Woodrow Wilson submitted the state of the union in a letter to Congress. The speech traditionally takes place annually, but this is not constitutionally required.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a line-item veto is unconstitutional because the U.S. Constitution specifies that when presented with a bill that has been passed by Congress, the President's choices are limited to either signing the bill, making it a law, or returning it to where it originated along with his/her objections to it. Therefore, line-item veto power requires that the U.S. Constitution be amended to expand the President's choices when presented with a bill that Congress has passed.
On the contrary, the Constitution requires members of Congress to be residents of the States which they represent.
War Powers Act