hakenkreuz "hooked cross" = swastica.
when people say "bent cross" they are just misinformed and probably mean "hooked cross", most likely.
Germans call it "hakenkreuz" and people that speak English call it "swastica"
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The Nazi Party. From 1919 to 1920 there was a party called "German Workers' Party", which was founded on far-right and nationalist tendencies then common throughout Europe, in part as a result of the Great War of 14-18. In 1920, the party evolved into the National Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party, which was dissolved in 1945. It was that party which was responsible for organizing the Holocaust. Wikipedia has a great page on the NSDAP.
The criticisms of the Weimar government lead to the German people losing confidence in its ability to handle threats. This allowed Hitler and the National Socialist party to gain a foothold with the Nazi ideology and helped Hitler's rise to power.
Immigrants from Germany usually arrived with some money and were most often skilled workers or educated people, such as writers and politicians.
Otto von Bismarck reformed German society in the late 19th century in numerous ways. It is undeniable, however, that one of the most far-reaching (and simply important) reforms was the political and economic unification of the numerous individual duchies, principalities, and territories of the Germanic region into a single nation-state, Germany. It is this modern nation that would figure centrally in European affairs for most of the following century.
Some people believe it was one of the main Nazi members but for now it remains unknown