they are established by the Contsitution.
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The people who are voting have a lawyer that does it
There were many people that founded our country. However, our first formal president, George Washington, is commonly deemed the "father of our country".
The President and the people who work with the President.
Assuming the question refers to Federal Judgeships, there are no formal legal requirements beyond the very basic ones of citizenship and mental competency.That is, a person WITHOUT any formal legal degree, training, or experience may be appointed to a Federal judgeship. In the past, it was relatively common to appoint people without a formal legal degree to the bench. Nowadays, it generally is considered a required qualification for confirmation to have a law degree, but that isn't a legal requirement. That is, Congress may not approve of the appointment unless the applicant has a legal degree, but that is a may, not a must.
No, the vote for president is called the popular vote and that does not count. When you cast your vote for president, you are actually voting for the electors to vote for the president.