The main power the Executive Branch (the President) has to check Congress is the veto. This forces Congress to go back and evaluate the proposal and get more support for it.
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In the US federal system, each branch has checks over the other branches. The president can check congress by vetoing or refusing to sign a bill into law.
vetoing bills
Congress
Power of the purse: congress can limit funding on things like war the president supportsAppointment confirmation: congress has to agree on the appointment of officials by the president.Congress can remove a president that is not doing his/her job.
The president can use executive orders to enact policies congress refuses to pass as laws
The Congress and the Supreme Court provide a constitutional check on the President's powers