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The principle function of the federal judiciary under the U.S. Constitution is to decide cases and controversies. The U.S. Constitution gives the judicial branch of government the ability to determine how laws that are made by Congress apply to any given case or dispute.
The federal judiciary is addressed in Article 3 of the Constitution. Article 1 addresses the legislature and Article 2 addressed the executive.
Section 25
The Constitution gives Congress the judicial powers to create all of the federal courts below the Supreme Court and to structure the federal judiciary. Congress also has the power to define federal crimes and set punishment for violators of federal law.
When the Constitution conflicts with an act of the legislature, that act is invalid, establishing power of judicial review.