The Secretary of State
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Secretary of Defense(formerly the Secretary of War)
The Attorney General
These four positions are known as "The Big 4." They are the heads of the 4 original departments of the executive branch of the federal government under George Washington, making them the longest running positions in the cabinet.
Following the Vice President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, these four officials(in the order seen above) are next in the line of succession to the presidency in the event of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the President.
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The three groups of executive include: 1. The president 2. The cabinet 3. The civil service
His cabinet members and the member of the executive office of the government (EOP)
The heads of 15 executive departments make up the Cabinet. The cabinet helps the president make decisions , gives advice and provides information to the President . The cabinet secretaries also manage their departments and help or hurt the president by the kind of job they do with their departments. The departments of state, justice, treasury and defense are particularly important to the administration. The others are often appointed as much for political reasons as for their expertise in the area of their department. At the president's discretion, the vice-president may be asked to attend cabinet meeting and carry out assignments for the president.
The cabinet gives the President advice pertaining to their department. They help the President make decisions based on their expertise and observations.
Louis XIV of France built the colossal Palace of Versailles. In that palace he made sure all his enemies and advisers lived with him. He couldn't meet with all of them at the same time, so whenever he was in the bathroom doing his business, his advisers would speak with him and make decisions through the cabinet door. The reference to the cabinet is where the idea for the name of the President's cabinet originates.