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Edward Bellamy
Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy
Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy
He gave away American secrets and some intelligence officers were put in danger.
Francis Bellamy is the author of the Pledge of Allegiance.It was published on September 8, 1892. It had such an impact on America that the pledge was born. Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931), a Baptist minister, wrote the original Pledge in August 1892. He was a Christian Socialist. In his Pledge, he is expressing the ideas of his first cousin, Edward Bellamy, author of the American socialist utopian novels, Looking Backward (1888) and Equality(1897).Francis Bellamy wrote the orignial pledge in 1892 It read: "I Pledge Allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all." In 1923 the words "my flag" were changed to "the Flag of the United States of America." The words "Under God" were added to the pledge in 1954.