The 6th, 7th, and 14th Amendments all concern the right to trial by jury. But the 6th is the primary focus of the criminal justice system as it applies in the US. The 7th applies to civil trials and the 14th to Due Process. Only the 7th has not been applied scrupulously to state laws.
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14 Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees criminal defendants the right to trial by an impartial judge, so the Fourteenth Amendment is violated if the judge has a direct, personal, substantial pecuniary interest in reaching a conclusion against the defendant in his/her case.
There is no Amendment that guarantees a trial by a jury of one's peers. The 6th Amendment guarantees the right of trial by an impartial jury, but not of a jury composed of one's peers.
6th amendment
The Sixth Amendmentpeople are mistaken in assuming that they have a right to a trial by a jury of their peers -- they have a right to a fair and unbiased jury from their community. [Court TV - The Vang Case]
Although people generally BELIEVE this is in the Constitution of the US, it does not say specifically that you are entitled to a trial by "a jury of your peers."What it DOES say (in the Sixth Amendment) is that you are guaranteed the right to "a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed."
The 7th amendment gives a citizen the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases, and prevents courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. It also guarantees a minimum of 6 members for a jury in a civil trial.