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Divisions within society that reinforce on another, making more homogeneous or similar
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Why are there crosscutting cleavages between liberals and conservatives in America?
There are crosscutting cleavages between liberals and conservatives because the issues that are causing these crosscutting cleavages are issues that liberals (people who are willing to disregard traditional values in politics) and conservatives (people who believe traditional values are important in politics) are debating over. They have opposite views over these matters. These crosscutting cleavages are based on race, ethnicity, religion, region, and education.
When did prejudice start in the US?
Prejudice seems to be part of human nature. It's a way in which we assert that "we" are better than "they" are. Perhaps it's a justification for "us" taking things from "them", perhaps it's just a way of reinforcing the bonds that keep one "tribe" together. People need to live in groups, and defining who is and who is not part of the group, seems to lead to prejudice. I'd guess that some of the tribes which we now think of as "native" to the area of the modern US thought that they were superior to other tribes. There have been traces of earlier ethnic groups, and the newcomers probably thought badly of them. Prejudice was not invented in Europe, and would not have arrived in the "New World" with them. Prejudice has always been in America even before it became the US. If it wasn't the settlers and the slaves it was different Indian tribes or tribes and explorers.
What is federilism?
Federalism is : # A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. # Advocacy of such a system of government.Federalism The doctrine of the Federalist Party.
Why is there a Republican Party and a democratic party?
The Republican and Democratic parties exist due to the strikingly contrasting ethnic and cultural differences of each. Though both parties originally lacked ideological differences, they were clearly separated by difference of beliefs in regards to issues of morality and liberalism.Democrats believed that the country's government should hold the power to set one concrete moral standard for the entire country. Contrarily, Republicans believed that the government had no place in regulating the moral affairs of society and called for more privacy on such issues.As religious and moral affairs touched Americans more personally than political matters might have, these differences caused an uproar of passionate competition and resulted in the formation of the Republican and Democratic parties.It is worth noting that the founding fathers of the United States, especially George Washington, opposed the creation of political parties. Washington felt that political parties were very negative for a democracy. The US Constitution does not mention political parties.There are two answers to the original question, depending on what the asker was after.If the answer being sought is "Why is there a Republican Party and a Democratic Party now?" - i.e. why do the US really only have two political parties - the answer lies in the practical consequences of the design of how we elect out representatives.All Federal elections in the United States are "winner-take-all" - that is, there is only a single office contending in a given election, and the "first-past-the-post" method of voting determines the winner. There is no runoff for candidates who don't get an absolute majority, nor is does the US use any sort of preferential voting system. All that counts in that the winner must get the absolute largest sum of votes of any candidate in that election.This form of voting means that the only real effective strategy of winning is to have a party which appears to the largest number of voters. There is no benefit in forming alliances with other parties, as only a single winner can be chosen, and votes can't be transferred. Thus, a party should espouse ideas that appeal to a large number of voters, while avoiding those which alienate large numbers. Generally speaking, that means that both parties will try to appeal to the middle 80% of a voter base, ignoring the outer 10% on the political idea spectrum.This means that there really can be two major parties, since a candidate needs to win the plurality of any election - a party realistically needs to be able to pull at least 40% of the vote to have any say in the Federal government. For example, let's say there are three parties: A which pulls about 45% of the vote, B which pulls 35% of the vote, and C which pulls 20% of the vote, averaged across all individual elections being run. Given that different areas have variable distribution of the above percentages, with winner-take-all elections, that means that the President will always be selected from either A or B, and Congress will most likely consist of at most 5% C, and 55% of A and 40% of B. Thus, while C is reasonably popular, it has virtually no political power.Also, in the above scenario, party B will find it highly profitable to find the most important issue for party C, and, if that issue isn't objectionable to it's normal membership, start promoting it. It will then be able to co-opt a large percentage of the normal C voters, increasing it's power. By doing this, the actual voting percentage moves to C = 5%, B = 50%, and A = 45%. This leads to a situation where any new idea or political movement is absorbed (and usually heavily moderated) by one of the two major parties.In addition, the local political process in the USA means that any party requires a very significant political organization to even get on the ballot, and the media generally refuses to give much attention to "fringe" parties, further reinforcing the 2-party system.If the answer being sought is "Why were the Republican and Democratic Parties formed?" - i.e. what's the history behind the creation of the Republican and Democratic Parties - then a bit of historical background is needed.The Democratic Party was originally founded as the Democratic-Republican Party in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, to oppose the Federalist Party which had been founded a few years earlier by Alexander Hamilton. The D-R Party espoused what are known now as classical Jeffersonian Democracy views - isolationist, pro-agrarian, smaller central government. The Federalists favored a much stronger central government, what would now be called "internationalism", and were more pro-merchant.The D-R Party ended up splitting into two around the time of the 1824 presidential election; one faction, now called the Democratic Party, supported Andrew Jackson's candidacy, while the other faction, originally called the Republican Party (but soon changed its name to the Whig Party), opposed Jackson. The modern Democratic Party is a direct descendant from this Democratic Party of 1824.The modern Republican Party is also a descendant of this factionalization of the old D-R Party. In the 1850s, the Whig Party was split over the issue of slavery - in effect a very public North/South split inside the Party. The Northern branch of the Whigs became the Republican Party, with Abraham Lincoln as its first Presidential candidate. The Republican Party received a huge boost in power by being the dominant pro-Union/anti-slavery party of the 1860 election, and thus being the leader of the Union effort in the Civil War.
What are the main social cleavages political scientist are interested in?
What are the main social cleavages that interest political scientists?
rinforzando?
reinforcing
Why are there crosscutting cleavages between liberals and conservatives in America?
There are crosscutting cleavages between liberals and conservatives because the issues that are causing these crosscutting cleavages are issues that liberals (people who are willing to disregard traditional values in politics) and conservatives (people who believe traditional values are important in politics) are debating over. They have opposite views over these matters. These crosscutting cleavages are based on race, ethnicity, religion, region, and education.
How many cleavages planes in orthoclase felspar?
2
Where can you find videos depicting cleavages?
Videos depicting cleavages can be found with a search for celebrities. Most celebrities are adept at showing up with dresses that displays their physique in such as manner.
Are nearly identical cells that are produced by early cleavages?
blastomere
The tendency of minerals to break along a smooth flat surface?
Cleavages
What does it mean to have reinforcing factors?
What the chosen of health issue about Reinforcing factor
Is American diversity becoming increasingly that of reinforcing cleavages rather than cross-cutting cleavages?
During America's Founding Period, diversity within the nation was increasingly serving as both a 'cleavage-reinforcer' and 'cleavage-crosser,' as it may be put. Distinctions between 'industrial' and 'agrarian,' 'Northern' and 'Southern,' 'Federalist' and 'Anti-Federalist,' among other differences, were increasing in significance in various ways. At the same time, those same differences were serving to forge a new unity, a new identity, in and through the step-by-step achievement of the 'grand experiment' called the United States of America.
The more cleavages found in society the more interest groups will probably exist?
True.
What is the meaning of the word cleavages?
The meaning of the word cleavage means a split or a separation, a division or a cleft. Another meaning of the word cleavages refers to the hollow between the breast of a female and it is said that they are "revealing their cleavage" if they wear a low cut top.
What type of cleavage does feldspar have?
Plagioclase feldspar is a non-metallic mineral. It has 2 cleavages at nearly right angles. It is also differentiated from potassium feldspar because it contains striations. Potassium feldspar has 2 cleavages at nearly right angles.
