There are several reasons that a president may call for a special session after Congress has adjourned. These reasons can be for the purpose of settling a dispute between the two houses, to ratify treaties, or for consent for appointments.
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If an emergency arises that the president thinks calls for immediate Congressional action the President might call for a special session. A surprise military attack might be a reason. A hurricane or earthquake might prompt a request for emergency relief funds. The Senate has been called back several times to consider the ratification of important treaties. The president might also call a special session to pressure Congress to take some action on more routine matters that they have stalled on but which the president feels are important enough to address in an emergency situation Truman did it once as a campaign strategy in hopes showing that the Congress did not do anything .
In dealing with a crisis it can be called into session. This has happened 27 times and the last one was 70 years ago by Truman. The constitution gives the president the authority "on extraordinary occasions, to convene both houses of congress or either of them."
The president ask congress to hold a special session when the two houses cannot agree on a date to adjourn or in an emergency situation.
The president ask congress to hold a special session when the two houses cannot agree on a date to adjourn or in an emergency situation.
With a "regular" veto, the president prevents it from becoming a law by withholding his signature and returning it to Congress; with a pocket veto he also withholds his signature, but does so when Congress has adjourned and has not designated a legal agent to receive veto or other messages (as at the end of a two-year congress). This is a pocket veto, and the bill dies after 10 days of being submitted to the president. A pocket veto applies only when the Congress is not in session.
When the president rejects a bill by leaving it on his desk until after Congress has ended session, it is called a pocket veto.
The Constitution gives the president the power to prorogue a session of Congress if the two houses can not agree on a date. This is found in Article 2 of the Constitution.
pocket veto