The Constitution provides for the situations in which the president is disabled by establishing succession. It states who will take over if the president can no longer do his job, and who takes over if that person can't do it.
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Article II, Section 1 provides guidelines on how the disability of the President is to be handled. The disability may be one caused by death, resignation, removal or inability to complete the duties of his office. In these cases, the Vice-President becomes President and if he can't serve, it is up to Congress to set up the order of succession.
The 25th amendment (1967) to the Constitution shows the Constitution's flexibility. When the Constitution was first drafted, it did not have any provisions for presidential disability or vacancy in the office of vice president. This amendment established a process whereby if the president becomes disabled, the vice president assumes the responsibilities of that office until the president can resume his duties.
Changes to the written provisions of the constitution can only be made through constitutional amendments.
The 25th - passed in 1965 and ratified in 1967
yes, the vice president shall act as president in case of death or other constitutional disability of the president, as it is stated in the constitution.
It is a Federal constitutional presidential republic. So, yes the US is a republic.