Presidents can lobby their party members to support their legislative agendas. Residents can also discuss the benefits of their legislative agenda with the citizenry as a way of ensuring greater support from the grassroots.
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He can use executive orders, and executive agreements because in executive agreements, it does not require Senate confirmation however it may not be as "legitimate" and binding as it would be if he used diplomatic recognition
The president can use personal relationships he has with lawmakers to influence the implementation of legislation. The president can also appeal directly to citizens to pressure lawmakers to act.
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The Patriot Act is legislation passed in 2001 to improve the abilities of U.S. law enforcement to detect and deter terrorism. The act's official title is, “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism,” or USA-PATRIOT.
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He is the country's chief policy maker because as chief executive - in whom the entire executive power is constitutionally vested - he is in charge of the executive branch, which means he can direct each federal department or agency to establish his policy priorities. There are several tools of agency policy making, like regulation or affirmative adjudication, for which the President can set guidelines, consistent with his own policy wishes. Of course, if a policy the President wants to be established, violates the law, Congress has to change the law.
It is not so much "what powers does the Congess have to check" so much as the things that Congress must agree to before the President can do it. The President cannot make any laws. All laws originate in the Congress. The President can approve (sign) them or veto them. The Congress can override the President's veto if it has enough votes. The President must have confirmation from the Senate to appoint key people in the Administration, judges, etc. Theoretically only the Congress can declare war, but Presidents have gotten around this since 1950. If the President commits crimes, the Congress can vote to try him and, if they convict him, they can remove him from office. Two presidents have been tried in history, neither was convicted. Another (Nixon) resigned from office rather than facing trial. The President cannot raise, or lower, taxes. All tax bills must originate in the House of Representatives. The President can negotiate a treaty with a foreign government, but the Senate must ratify it before it takes official effect. Sometimes (depending on the treaty) the President can just implement its provisions anyway. In general, if the President and the Congress do not cooperate, very little gets done.