An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement.
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Conventional political participation is political participation that attempts to influence the political process through well-accepted, often moderate, forms of persuasion.
Hello, I'm not quite sure where you're referring to or what time period as there have been many political parties. However, in the United States, Democrats largely believe in having a strong central government where as the Republicans believe that states should have more rights. Other examples might be countries that have practiced communism or socialism. Both of those forms of government, there is a lot of interference from the government in the economy. The government controls everything and the central bureaucracy becomes very strong and leaves them susceptible to power abuse. Countries or empires that have practiced this include: Nazi Germany, Cuba, Soviet Russia, and the Incan Empire.
Poverty, bad conditions for the average people, anger of the people towards the government, etc. All of these are reasons that provoke political instability in the form of crime, revolutions, rebellions, civil wars and other forms of revolting.
Lobbyists frequently invite lawmakers to restaurants or other forms of entertainment.
A popular answer is to say that political parties were organized forms of political expression that grew out of the unorganized factionalism of the Restoration-era English Parliament, and that (in an extremely loose sense) the rivalries of the Whigs and Tories were sublimated continuations of the deep religious and philosophical divides between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. But this presupposes that a political party is somehow functionally distinguishable from a less formally organized group of like-minded people, or that no such thing as a named, self-perpetuating political faction existed anywhere in the world prior to the English Civil War. The Greek schools of philosophy; the plebian organizations of Republican Rome; the internecine factions of the early Catholic church; the persistent, multi-generational group-political rivalries of the Renaissance Italian city-states; what distinguishes political parties as institutions from any of these entities? If there is any distinction, it is only by degrees of administrative sophistication.