per curiam opinion.
Not necessarily. The US Supreme Court sometimes issues per curiam opinions that are binding (on the instant case) but unsigned; however, these decisions do not set precedent for future cases.
per curiam
All published opinions (majority, concurring, dissenting, etc.) except per curiam (unsigned opinions) may be cited as precedent. Supreme Court opinions supersede all lower court opinions, and set binding precedents which both federal and state courts* are supposed to adhere to under the doctrine of stare decisis.* US Supreme Court decisions only apply to state courts if they involve incorporated parts of the Bill of Rights or other applicable amendments.
Regardless of the US Supreme Court's decision, there is no guarantee any type of opinion will be written. Per curiam (unsigned) decisions -- which are reasonably common -- seldom include full written opinions. About 20% of the US Supreme Court's decisions lack any written opinion; many simply affirm a lower court's decision without comment, or remand a case to a lower court for further action in light of a particular cited decision.Other cases may include only a majority opinion (the "opinion of the Court"), because there is no requirement for the minority to write a dissenting opinion. There are many examples of split-votes that lack dissenting opinions, and some even include a concurring opinion from a member of the majority.If this is a homework question, the expected (but incorrect) answer is majority and dissenting.
per curiam opinion.
Not necessarily. The US Supreme Court sometimes issues per curiam opinions that are binding (on the instant case) but unsigned; however, these decisions do not set precedent for future cases.
An unsigned statement of a court's decision refers to a decision that does not have the name or signature of a specific judge attached to it. Instead, it represents a decision reached collectively by the court as a whole. This can occur in cases where the judges are in full agreement and choose not to attribute individual authorship to the decision.
per curiam
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An unsigned artist.
Unsigned? Not much.
The Unsigned Guide was created in 2003.
Having an unsigned integer means that the integer is positive, and not negative; literally, the integer is unsigned and assumed to be positive. The unsigned integer 8 is positive-eight, not negative-eight.
#include<iostream> #include<vector> unsigned count_digits (unsigned num, const unsigned base=10) { unsigned count=1; while (num/=base) ++count; return count; } class number { std::vector<unsigned> value; unsigned base; public: number (const unsigned _value, const unsigned _base=10): value {}, base {_base} { *this = _value; } number& operator= (const unsigned _value); operator unsigned () const; bool is_narcissistic () const; }; number& number::operator= (unsigned _value) { unsigned count = count_digits (_value, base); value.resize (count); while (count) { value[value.size()-count--] = _value%base; _value/=base; } return *this; } number::operator unsigned () const { unsigned num = 0; for (unsigned index=0; index<value.size(); ++index) num += value[index]*static_cast<unsigned>(std::pow (base, index)); return num; } bool number::is_narcissistic () const { unsigned num = 0; for (unsigned index=0; index<value.size(); ++index) num += static_cast<unsigned>(std::pow (value[index], value.size())); return num == static_cast<unsigned> (*this); } unsigned main() { const unsigned min=1; const unsigned max=100; std::cout << "Narcissistic numbers in the range " << min << " through " << max << ":\n\t"; for (unsigned n=min; n<=max; ++n) if (number(n).is_narcissistic()) std::cout << n << ' '; std::cout << '\n' << std::endl; }
No. Java uses no unsigned numbers.
Yes. All published opinions (majority, concurring, dissenting, etc.) except per curiam (unsigned opinions) may be cited as precedent. The US Supreme Court's official "opinion of the Court" (usually the majority decision) supersedes all lower court opinions, and sets binding precedent which both federal and state courts* are supposed to follow under the doctrine of stare decisis.* US Supreme Court decisions apply to state courts if they involve incorporated parts of the US Constitution, or federal laws that apply to (or within) the states.For more information, see Related Questions, below.