Despite considerable overlapping with the "old," there was mounting evidence for a "new" Industrial Revolution in the late 19th and 20th centuries. In terms of basic materials, modern industry began to exploit many natural and synthetic resources not hitherto utilized.
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The "captains of industry" were the early developers and controllers of industry and commerce during the Industrial Revolution of Britain, and again in the US in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The term may still be applied today to powerful leaders in the modernization of Asia.
It created the current borders. The concept of 'nation-States' was (apart from Ethiopia) unknown south of the Sahara. There were only tribal lands with only vaguely defined borders that were continually and often hotly contested between the tribes.
a widening income gap between industrial laborers and factory bosses.The final decades of the 19th century saw a widening income gap between industrial laborers and factory bosses.. The poor never really got a chance to better their condition, despite working many hours at often life-threatening jobs. However, industrial bosses, especially factory owners, often became incredibly wealthy at the same time their laborers were practically starving to death.
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Several amendments from the 1800s are concerned with the issue of slavery. What changes occurred as a result of these amendments?