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What is a contentious objector?
A conscientious objector is a person who disapproves of military force on moral grounds. Objectors are often allowed to forego military service during a draft. They are sometimes tasked with a government position that does not involve the military.
Can foreign people who refuse to bear arms on behalf of the US become an American citizen?
Yes, you have to prove that you are a conscientious objector, that is you are opposed to bearing arms and participation in any war - not just wars you disagree with. Persons who are members of certain pacifist religious groups such as Buddhists and Anabaptists may be able to get verification from their groups stating why the individual is a pacifist. You will also have to prove that you are really a pacifist, and have not or will not bear arms to defend any country. You may be able to take certain classes that can verify you as a conscientious objector, if you are not a member of the a religious group that practices pacifism. You will then have to give a brief statement as to why you are an objector, and you will be allowed to stay silent for that part of the oath. If you are unwilling to bear arms for your new country, you should also stop and reflect whether the benefits of citizenship are really for you. I'm not saying don't do it, I'm saying to carefully consider what that means. You can't just change your mind later on and decide it's okay to not be a pacifist - these convictions must be deeply held. There's a good reference on this in the guide to becoming a US Citizen at Nolo.com.
A citizen who won't fight in a war is called what?
if they refuse to go to war for moral or religious views, they could be imprisoned, they are called concientous objectors. If they believe in peace rather than war they are called pacifists.
What is the name of the president who was impeached but escaped by one vote and what was his offense?
President Andrew Johnson was the President who escaped impeachment by one vote. The presiding justice, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, charged Johnson with eleven counts of violating a law of congress. President Johnson had defied the Tenure of Office Act and removed Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton from office. Johnson was found innocent, but only one vote separated this decision. The conscientious congressmen who voted "not guilty" were concerned that the nation's system of checks and balances would be destroyed if Congress were able to impeach the President because they did not agree.
Why would foreigners and aristocrats not make good officials?
Foreigners and aristocrats may not make good officials due to potential lack of understanding of local customs, laws, and societal norms. Their unfamiliarity with the needs and concerns of the local population could hinder their ability to effectively govern. Additionally, their privileged backgrounds may lead to a disconnect with the everyday struggles and challenges faced by the general populace, making it difficult for them to make decisions that benefit the larger community.
