First there was the Civil Rights Act of 1866, but it was realized that it could be legally
challenged. Therefore its provisions were incorporated into a constitutional amendment. The first and most significant secio of the Fourteenth Amendment
stated : " All persons born or naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. ..." ( Technically the 14th amd.
was never ratified, although it's accepted as law.)
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The 14th Amendment granted freedmen US citizenship, and the 15th Amendment granted them the right to vote, also known as suffrage. They are 2 of the 3 amendments known collectively as the Reconstruction Amendments.
The 14th Amendment outlawed slavery and granted civil rights and liberties to African-Americans. The 15th Amendment prohibited the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race.
Whatever the quota is that year.
French aristocrats were given citizenship, while affranchis (freedmen and mulattos) were not.
Native Americans.