How did the first World War affect East Asia Middle East and South Asia?
East Asia •1914Japan declares war on Germany NSoon thereafter
Japan occupies German possession in China (Qingdo (Tsingtao) in
Shangdong Province) and German holding in Pacific. NFrench employ
laborers from China & French Indochina as laborers behind
trenches. •1915Japan secretly present the 21 Demands to China
•1917China declares war against Germany •1919At Versailles Allies
agree to transfer former German holdings in Asia to Japan
NDemonstration in Beijing in reaction to Versailles decision break
out in Beijing NMay Fourth Movement: Intellectual call for end to
the social and customary restrictions placed on people's lives by
traditional Chinese culture. •1919 Chinese Communist Party formed
(with Mao Zedong as founding member) •1921 Washington Conference:
Ends AngloJapanese Alliance, forms 4-power Pacific Treaty (US, UK,
Japan, France, & Italy) NNaval armaments treaty establishes a
ratio of ships for each nation of: 5-5-3-1.67-1.67 •1922 Sun
Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan) revives Guomindang (Kuomintang) Party (KMT)
•1927 Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) assumes leadership of KMT and
leads Northern Expedition uniting China. •1931 Manchurian Incident
leading to Japanese occupation of key sites N1931 Japan puppet
state of Manchukuo established N1933 Lytton Report, critical of
Japan's role in Manchuria, filed in the League of Nations prompting
Japan's withdrawal from the League •1937 Japan invades China NDec.
1937, Rape of Nanjing (Nanking) Middle East •1914 Ottoman entry
into WWI Ngreat strain on society & economy (2500% inflation in
cost of living) NBritish troops in Mesopotamia to protect the oil
pipeline from Iran •1917 Balfour Declaration and the promise of a
Jewish homeland in Palestine •1919 Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal) arrives
and plays crucial role in creation of an independent secular state
(1922) NReza Khan emulated Atatürk •1920 April 12-26 San Remo
Conference of Allied powers to discuss and assign League of Nations
Class A Mandates (specifically Palestine, Syria, & Iraq)
NBritish and French mandates angered Arab and Jewish nationalists
who viewed the mandates as extensions of imperial rule •1920-21
Palestine riots between Arabs & Jews •1922 Egypt independent
but Britain reserves right to station troops along the Suez to
protect its link to India South Asia •1914 British employed large
numbers of Indian Hindus & Muslims in the war effort.
Nationalist movement inactive during the war •1919 Repressive
British measures led to violence: Amritsar Massacre •Indian
National Congress moved from collaboration to resistance in the
quest for self-rule NINC formed in 1885; 1906 the congress joined
forces with All-India Muslim League •Non-Cooperation & Civil
Disobedience Movements organized in opposition to British rule
N1919 Rowlatt Acts (anti-sedition/antiagitators measures) N1930
Gandhi leads salt march •1937 Government of India Act organized a
selfgoverning state but proved unworkable due to differences
between Hindus & Muslims. Muslim League leader Muhammad Ali
Jinnah proposes two states
