reserved powers
Federalism.
The "reserved powers" is just another term used for the tenth amendment, which states that powers that aren't specifically designated for the federal government, are automatically given to the states.
Horizontal federalism is a term used to refer to the different ways that state governments relate to one another.
That would be an overstatement. The federal government does not hold all powers, there are certainly some powers that are reserved for state governments or local governments, and even some that are reserved for individuals. The term federal government means that there are lower levels of government (which in the United States are the 50 state governments) which have gotten together to form a larger government to which they all belong.
Another term that means the same thing as the government's expressed powers is enumerated powers. The list of the government's enumerated powers can be found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution of the United States.
reserved powers
The term which refers to the powers that may be assumed from the expressed powers in the Constitution are the implied powers. The 'general welfare' clause and the 'necessary and proper' clause imply certain powers to the president that are not enumerated.
I think you ment What are the powers spelled out in the constituion... I would change the question...
great compromise
The implied-powers-clause is also known as the elastic clause. Since 1790 the clause has been stretched, like elastic, to allow all types of legislation.
Taxes
Federalism.
Federal republic refers to a type of government which has a central government sharing power with several state governments.
the term pertains to that which is expressed vocally
The "reserved powers" is just another term used for the tenth amendment, which states that powers that aren't specifically designated for the federal government, are automatically given to the states.
The term of "Allies" was the most often used term to describe the coalition of countries opposed to the Axis powers. Another similar term was "allied forces". Each term means the same thing.