The Senate has the 'confirmation power', they confirm or deny all of the presidents appointments (cabinet, judicial, ambassador). The senate's confirmation power the senate shares with the president the responsibility for filling many high-level government positions.
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The appointment and confirmation process restricts presidential power. This is because these appointments aren't scheduled by the president. These appointments are scheduled by a different part of the government system, and this is the answer to your question.
The president has the power to nominate or appoint judges, ambassadors, cabinet members and other high ranking officials., subject to approval or confirmation by the US Senate.
The Senate has the power to try all impeachments, confirmation of appointments (i.e. Supreme Court Justices), and ratification of treaties.
The non-legislative functions of Congress are the powers and responsibilities NOT related to passing laws. For example: impeachment power, confirmation power, and investigative power
The vice-president is elected by the electoral college. He is not appointed by the President and so does not need confirmation by the Senate.