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US president Lincoln and many others believed that secession was a dangerous act. It would split the US into two separate nations and produce two that were weaker than a unified Union. Lincoln also believed that secession within the South, could also lead to other secessions in the future among different parts of the US. He also believed that as the chief executive, he had the duty to protect Federal property such as forts. Lincoln was a strong unionist and saw only problems if states could secede from the Union.
The President Pro Tempore of the Senate. Followed by several others....
All US presidents have been American citizens by the time they were elected president and all after Andrew Jackson were born in the United States. The first eight were born before the US existed. The constitution states that a president must be a natural born citizen, which the courts have interpreted to mean the candidate must be born in the United States. It is an internet myth that a president's parents must be born here: the courts have not interpreted the qualifications that way.
The vice president of the US is the president of the US senate.
Yes, here's a few - The death of President William Harrison. People weren't sure whether the Vice President (John Tyler) was supposed to become an Acting President or a permanent President. John Tyler successfully made sure that it was permanent. - The Nullification Crisis, where South Carolina announced that it would override a decision of the Federal Government. In the end, SC was forced to comply with the law and it became established the Federal Government was in charge. - The secession of the Confederate States. The Constitution had been silent on whether this was allowed. Of course, it triggered a civil war. Since the Unionists won the war, it is now accepted that secession isn't possible. - The 1876 Presidential election.