Federal level
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c The right to a jury trial in noncriminal cases
Trial by jury is guaranteed by the first amendment.
Except in impeachment cases, a trial by jury is a right guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not guaranteed in impeachment cases because life or liberty is not at stake.
A Grand Jury returns an indictment. Criminal Justice pg 16 schmalleger
In jurisdictions where they still exist, the answer to the question is a Grand Jury.In states which no longer (or never did) have a grand jury system, a court heraring (known as a probable cause hearing) is held where the Prosecutor's Office presents the cause for PC to a judge.