The job of the president is to enforce the laws. The job of Congress is to legislate laws. Together they do the business of the government. The president doesn't share power with congress, but has his own duties. Congress checks his power by not passing laws, not approving appointments, approving the budget or not, and he needs approval of congress to declare war. Constitution tries to make a balance of power between the branches. Sometimes one branch will try to gain more power from other branches. Watergate changed the office of the president and it's power.
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One of the powers that the president shares with the senate is to appoint judges. Another power that they both share is to enter into treaties with other countries.
Both the Executive and the Legislative branches share the power of appointing federal judges. The President will appoint someone, and the Senate has to approve it.
Article One of the Constitution gives the Vice President power to preside over the Senate.
The Senate.
The Senate has the 'confirmation power', they confirm or deny all of the presidents appointments (cabinet, judicial, ambassador). The senate's confirmation power the senate shares with the president the responsibility for filling many high-level government positions.