Thomas Jefferson. The main instrument he played was the violin. He is credited with the architectural planning of the University of Virginia grounds. The swivel chair was introduced to the United States by him.
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Because its the presidents chair
Usually chairmanship is given by seniority and topic.
The President of the Senate is the Vice President and he has the special power of being allowed to vote to break a tie. Most of the time, it does not matter who presides over the Senate. There are rules for whose turn it is to speak and nobody in the Senate listens anyway .( Speeches are made for the benefit of the Senate record and for those who watch C-Span.) When a tie vote seems likely, the VP will be there to preside.
The president pro tempore of the Senate is a US Senator and so has all the powers of a US senator. The pro tem is elected by the Senate and not surprisinglu a member of the majority party always wins. By tradition they choose the party member with the longest seniority. Such a person has a lot of infuence in the senate and serves on and chairs most of the committees he is interested in.
The party leadership is the one who actually makes the decision of who will serve as chair of Congressional committees. At one time committee chairs were determined by seniority.