Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinoton were impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives, but acqitted by the Senate.
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That is correct. If the president were convicted in an impeachment trial, the Vice President would take the office of Presdident.
The word you're probably looking for is "impeachment", though technically the impeachment process is only part of it (after being impeached by the House of Representatives, the President must then be convicted by the Senate).
No US President is charged with impeachment at this time! The last President to face impeachment charges was Bill Clinton.
The president can't use judicial powers if impeachment occurs.
Such is what the rules of the Senate say. The president of the Senate is the vice-president who would take the president's office if he were convicted. He would have a conflict of interest, to be sure. Also, it is good to have an experienced judge rule over such an important trial.