The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
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The powers of the President are given in the United States Constitution. article II,section 2.
Article One, Section 8 of the United States Constitution was written in 1787. This section outlines the powers that are given to the U.S. Congress.
Article One of the Constitution gives the Vice President power to preside over the Senate.
The President alone has this authority. This is given to him under Article I and II of the Constitution.
Lately it has been given every year in the evening in late January, but the date is up to the president. Not so very long ago it was given in December. It can be either written or oral, but since Woodrow Wilson, presidents prefer to deliver it orally in person .