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Colonies. Prolefiration. and protectorate.
The Open Door Policy proposed in 1898 by President McKinley was meant to open up access to the Chinese markets to all trading powers. It meant that China would not be carved up into spheres of influence and the imperial nations could trade anywhere in China. It also meant that nations who already had a footing in China with the intent of controlling exclusive markets would have competition. It was a move on the part of Secretary of State John Hay to protect American investments in China, so that they could still compete and do business in all of China, having no sphere of influence of its own.
The years between 1912 and 1938 were filled with upheaval in China. It was marked by the driving out of many of the foreign people there because it was believed they were a bad influence.
European imperialists sought to establish spheres of influence and outright annexation of under developed nations and peoples. They saw the opportunity to enrich themselves at the expense of peoples that they dominated.
both the economic and social spheres