1782. Britain did not separate from US it was the US that separated from Britain.
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The document that separated us from England was The Declaration of Independence.
After the Revolutionary War, the Us was an independent country and Britain had no authority to levy taxes or to collect them in the US. Of course, Britain continued to collect taxes from the remainder of its Empire.
No one "gave" the US its independence. The US became independent from Britain through armed rebellion.
Britain hoped to separate New England from the Middle colonies from Canada down the Hudson Bay. This was attempted by sending in forces under the command of Gen. John Burgoyne.