In general terms, popular sovereignty and majority-rule have been limited whenever and wherever the power of ordinary people in a society has been restricted, repealed, ignored, or otherwise negated by some other governmental force or social group. While such limitation may appear fully negative at first glance, it need not be; for example, in America's constitutional republic form of government, ordinary people have a powerful but not total, and rarely direct, say in governmental policy, mainly because of the (arguably quite reasonable) view of the Founders that direct democracy is prone to fall into factionalism and even anarchy.
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The concept of popular sovereignty was on its surface the most democratic method to decide whether a state would be a free state or a slave state. The unforeseen consequences of this was the armed conflict in Kansas between pro and anti-slavery people. This should have been avoided however, by having a strong presence in Kansas by the US military.
"Internal sovereignty" or "state sovereignty" represents the legitimate authority of a state or local government to establish and enforce laws within their jurisdiction. In the US, states retain those prerogatives not expressly granted to the national (Federal) government, so long as they are not exercised in conflict with Federal laws and regulations. A state that has internal sovereignty is one with a government that has been elected by the people and has the popular legitimacy. (Commentary has been moved to the Discussion pages)
two thirds majority
Traditionally it has been 51 for 200 years, until recently.
In addition to presidential candidates who won the popular vote but lost the election (Al Gore in 2000 and Samuel Tilden in 1876 come to mind), there have been two people for which the statement as written is literally true:Andrew Jackson won a plurality (not a majority, but more votes than any other candidate) of both the popular and electoral vote in the presidential election of 1824. However, since there were four candidates in the race that year and none of them had a majority, the decision went to the House of Representatives, who chose John Quincy Adams instead. Jackson then went on to later became president in the election of 1828, with a clear majority of both the popular and electoral vote, so for him the statement is true in retrospect, but not at the time of the first election.Grover Cleveland also won a plurality of the popular vote in 1888 after his first term as president, though in his case he lost the electoral vote to Benjamin Harrison. He then ran again in 1892 and again won a plurality of the popular vote, but this time garnered a clear majority of the electoral vote and became president for a second time. He's the only one for whom the statement was true at the time of the election itself.