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The ancient Romans did not have three branches of government. Their government could be loosely divided into two branches, the Senate and the Roman People. SPQR. The Executive, Legislative and Judicial are an American innovation.
In theory no, in practice, yes. Every emperor including Augustus, had advisers and intimates who consulted and helped with the rule. According to Syme, Augustus had Agrippa, Maecenas and Livia as part of his ruling counsel, which constituted an oligarchy.
There have never any governments in which only one person can serve. One person cannot possibly run a whole government by him/herself. During the 244-year period of the Roman monarchy the government was headed by a king who had government officials who served as his subordinates. During the 482-year period of the Roman republic the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the republic and there were four other types of elected officers of state, who also served in the government (the censors, the praetors, the aediles and the quaestors). During the 503-year period of rule by emperors the emperors were absolute rulers and appointed the officials who served in their governemnts
Could be sudatorium
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