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the powers of the federal government are explicitly granted by the constitution
The powers of the Federal government delineated in the US Constitution, give the federal government its duty to enforce Federal laws granted to it by the Constitution. If the powers not mentioned to belong to the Federal government, are left to the States.
There are many powers not given to the Federal government in the Constitution. Specifically it states that any power not specifically granted to the government will be reserved for the States (interpreted as for the people).
There is absolutely no doubt or debatable point on this question except to those that believe the US Constitution is a "living document and not written law". The Tenth Amendment explicitly states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the state by the Constitution of the United States are reserved to the states or the people.
The basis of the Constitution is sovereign individuals living in sovereign States, with a limited federal government that deals exclusively with states and not with individual citizens. This was clearly expressed in the limited and tightly-defined list of powers and authorities granted to the federal government in the U.S. Constitution.