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The constitutional change that deals with the use of the electoral college as a rubber stamp for the popular vote was a result of party practices. The founding fathers were against this idea.
John Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, and believed that governments get their power from the consent of the governed. It was a turn away from the Divine Right Theory, and inspired the founding fathers.
Because our founding fathers had no idea how the future would be, they decided to mage the rights and freedoms more general, rather than to specify items. You must also take in consideration the time they wrote it and the political views and parties that were involved during that time.
The balance of powers refers to the separation of powers, and the idea of ambition-limiting-ambition outlined by the founding fathers in the constitution. This is one of many checks and balances, but not the only one, or the same thing...
The Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in the 18th century, had a significant influence on the philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence. It emphasized individual beliefs, personal convictions, and the idea of religious freedom, which aligned with the concept of individual rights and liberty expressed in the Declaration. The Great Awakening helped shape the idea that governments should respect these individual rights and that people have the right to overthrow a government that infringes upon them, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.