Article 2 of the Constitution
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Article V of the Constitution.
Congress has the power to do several things in order to instill checks and balances. Congress has the power to overturn Supreme Court rulings, impeach the President and to conduct trials and to remove officers from the other branches of government.
In most Western societies, the three branches of government are the:legislative, which creates law;judicial, which reviews law in application;executive, which executes law.
Many rights specifically granted to one branch of the US Government in the Constitution are thus prohibited to the other two. So any power specifically granted to the President or the Supreme Court (the Executive Veto for the first and the ability to find laws unconstitutional for the latter) are technically off-limits to the Congress. The Congress may also not pardon prisoners, as that is a right given to the President.
The state executive head would be the 'governor', who is elected by the people of their state.