1635 The Boston Latin School was the first school to have local control and by 1870 public school were established throughout the United States. By the time of the civil war an increasing number of states had state boards of education. At the turn of the century a trend towards a central control of the school system grew. A study of schools between 1870 and 1920 found that local school boards were superseded by central agencies. Horace Mann was elected first secretary of the Massachusetts board of education in1837, but had little power to effect change.
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The Puritans organized public education in the state of Massachusetts.
Dr Yonker Board
The busing was necessary for student safety.
No, it is a state branch. The city decides how it will district it's local public schools, and then elections are held in each school district for voters to elect who will be on the school board. The local school boards then report to their state's department of education, and the state's department reports to the Department of Education in Washington, D.C. Though it may seem like it's a branch of the federal government, it's only the federal funding that come from D.C. It is up to the state's to determine their standards and handles where the federal funding and state funding will go. This is why there is no national standard of education, only the No Child Left Behind act that determines the amount of federal funding given out.
I'm not sure either congress or the board of education I think.