I've consulted Wikipedia about Belgium politics and I've found that Belgium's political institutions are complex, and most political power is organised around the need to represent the main cultural communities. So I think that the Federal Executive power is somewhat divided among the Prime Minister, Ellio Di Rupo, the Bicameral federal parliament, which is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Representatives, and the King Albert II, though with limited prerogatives, is the head of state. This is my personal opinion, so the question remains open for another answer.
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The federal courts can check the Presidents power by that courts can declare executive actions unconstitutional.
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"The federal courts can check the Presidents How_can_Federal_Court_check_the_presidents_powerby that courts can declare executive actions unconstitutional."