In the United States, the answer is certainly Benedict Arnold.
Outside the US, however, that name is not terribly well known. The most famous traitor in the English-speaking world is probably Guy Fawkes, of the 1605 "Gunpowder Plot" against King James I of England.
The most famous political traitor in all of human history, however, is Marcus Junius Brutus, a close personal friend of Julius Caesar and one of the ringleaders in the plot to assassinate him. So complete was his betrayal, that Caesar's last words are said to have been, "Et tu, Brutae?" Literally, "You too, Brutus?"
Of course, the most well known traitor of all doesn't come from politics, but from religion: Judas Iscariot, the Apostle of Jesus of Nazareth who turned him over to the Sanhedren to be tried and executed.
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That question is a matter of opinion.
A traitor during the revolution was a person who abandon the side they were on and joined the other. For example Benedict Arnold was a traitor.
Oh honey, Benedict Arnold did indeed reach the rank of general during the American Revolutionary War. But let's not forget he also became America's most famous traitor. So sure, he had the title, but he definitely didn't win any popularity contests.
Benedict Arnold.
traitor