The President of the United States is the Commander-in-Chief of the US Military.
Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution.
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George Washington was the first , since he was the first President. Article II, Section Two, Clause One of the US Constitution empowers the President of the US as the Commander in Chief. (Washington was also the commander-in-chief of the Colonial Army )
He replaced his own boss Henry Halleck, who agreed to serve under him as Chief-of-Staff. The date was not 1984. It was March 1864.
The proper title is Chief Justice of the United States; however, most people refer to the office as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court because he (or she) presides over the Supreme Court of the United States (often called US Supreme Court).
William Howard Taft President 1909-1913 Chief Justice 1921-1930
The actual term of office as stated in the US Constitution, Article III, is that they shall serve "during good behavior." This means that they serve for life but may be impeached and removed from office if convicted of the same offenses that the President may be impeached and removed for.