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In a parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is asked to form a government by the head of state (President or constitutional monarch) normally based on the results of the parliamentary election. The political parties normally try to avoid the head of states embarrassment by agreeing in advance which party or coalition should form the government.
The Whig Party was a political party in the US that was created in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson. They were also in support to the idea that the legislative should be superior to the executive branch of government.
political science
Montesquieu saw despotism, in particular, as a standing danger for any government not already despotic, and argued that it could best be prevented by a system in which different bodies exercised legislative, executive, and judicial power, and in which all those bodies were bound by the rule of law. This theory of the separation of powers had an enormous impact on liberal political theory, and on the framers of the constitution of the United States of America.
The Virginia plan created the three branches of the United States government. These are the executive, legislative and judicial branch. Each has its own specific powers and the ability to perform a system of checks and balances with the others as well.